全台唯一VV英文News...會讓你大喊WOW？囧研究：數學不好？和遺傳有關系
每當想到數學測驗的時候，你會不會一身冷汗?如果是的話，你爸或你媽可能要承擔部分責任——這項研究發表在最新一期《心理科學》期刊上。
If the thought of a math test makes you break out in a cold sweat, Mom orDad may be partly to blame, according to new research published in PsychologicalScience, a journal of the Association for Psychological Science.
每當想到數學測驗的時候，你會不會一身冷汗?如果是的話，你爸或你媽可能要承擔部分責任——這項研究發表在最新一期《心理科學》期刊上。
A team of researchers led by University of Chicago psychological scientistsSian Beilock and Susan Levinefound that children of math-anxious parents learnedless math over the school year and were more likely to be math-anxiousthemselves—but only when these parents provided frequent help on the child smath homework.
美國芝加哥大學心理學傢Sian Beilock和SusanLevine領導的研究團隊發現，當父母對數學存有畏懼心理、表現出“數學焦慮”時(math-anxious)，子女讀書時學到的數學也越少，並且越有可能感染上“數學焦慮”——尤其是在父母頻繁地試圖輔導子女的數學功課的情況下。
Previous research from this group has established that when teachers areanxious about math, their students learn less math during the school year. Thecurrent study is novel in that it establishes a link between parents andchildren s math anxiety. These findings suggest that adults attitudes towardmath can play an important role in children s math achievement.
以往研究顯示，具有“數學焦慮”的教師，帶出來的學生在學校裡學到的數學也更少;本研究則第一次揭示瞭傢長“數學焦慮”和孩子“數學焦慮”之間的聯系，換句話說，成人對於數學的態度，對小孩子的數學成績影響巨大。
“We often don t think about how important parents own attitudes are indetermining their children s academic achievement. But our work suggests that ifa parent is walking around saying Oh, I don t like math or This stuff makesme nervous, kids pick up on this messaging and it affects their success,”explained Beilock, professor in psychology.
“過去，人們並不認為父母對數學的態度能夠決定子女的數學成績。現在，我們的研究發現，如果父母總是在孩子面前說些 噢，我不喜歡數學”、“這些數學題弄得我精神緊張”之類的話，那麼孩子也會受到這些信息的影響，潛移默化，在數學上的表現越來越差。“Beilock解釋說。
“Math-anxious parents may be less effective in explaining math concepts tochildren, and may not respond well when children make a mistake or solve aproblem in a novel way,” added Levine, the Rebecca Anne Boylan Professor ofEducation and Society in Psychology.
“具有 數學焦慮 的傢長，向孩子解釋數學概念時，往往力不從心;當孩子做錯瞭數學題、或是采用瞭創新方法解答時，這些傢長的反應也更遲鈍。”Levine補充道。
Four hundred and thirty-eight first- and second-grade students and theirprimary caregivers participated in the study. Children were assessed in mathachievement and math anxiety at both the beginning and end of the school year.As a control, the team also assessed reading achievement, which they found wasnot related to parents math anxiety.
來自438個傢庭的孩子和傢長參與瞭這項研究，孩子都是小學一、二年級學生。學年開始時，研究者們記錄瞭每個孩子的數學能力和“數學焦慮”程度(mathanxiety)，學年結束時，又重測瞭一遍這些指標;此外，研究者們還記錄瞭孩子的閱讀能力，作為對照指標(父母的“數學焦慮”不影響子女閱讀能力的發展)。
Parents completed a questionnaire about their own nervousness and anxietyaround math and how often they helped their children with math homework.
同時，這些孩子的父母需要完成一份問卷，這份問卷測量瞭父母的“數學焦慮”程度，以及父母輔導孩子數學功課的頻率。
The researchers believe the link between parents math anxiety andchildren s math performance stems more from math attitudes than genetics.
研究者們認為，父母具有“數學焦慮”，對子女數學成績的影響，更多地是由於(畏懼數學的)態度在起作用，而非遺傳在起作用。
“Although it is possible that there is a genetic component to mathanxiety,” the researchers wrote, “the fact that parents math anxiety negativelyaffected children only when they frequently helped them with math homeworkpoints to the need for interventions focused on both decreasing parents mathanxiety and scaffolding their skills in homework help.”
“盡管 數學焦慮 可能在一定程度上受到遺傳因素的影響，”研究者們寫道，“然而事實上，我們的研究發現，隻有當父母頻繁地輔導子女數學功課時，才會把自身的 數學焦慮 傳染到子女身上——說明父母在輔導子女數學功課時流露出來的、對數學的畏懼態度，才是真正的罪魁禍首。未來工作不僅應該關註如何降低父母的 數學焦慮 ，還應該關註如何提高父母輔導功課的技巧。”
Maloney said the study suggests that parent preparation is essential toeffective math homework help. “We can t just tell parents—especially those whoare anxious about math— Get involved, ” Maloney explained. “We need to developbetter tools to teach parents how to most effectively help their children withmath.”
另一名主要作者、芝加哥大學博士後Maloney表示，父母在輔導子女數學功課之前，應該做好更多準備。“我們不能隻告訴父母去參與，尤其是患有 數學焦慮 的父母。”Maloney解釋道，“我們要開發一些效果更好的工具，幫助父母如何有效地幫助子女提高數學成績。”
These tools might include math books, computer and traditional board games,or Internet apps that “allow parents to interact with their children around mathin positive ways,” the researchers wrote.
研究者們建議，比如借助數學參考書、學習軟件、網絡應用、甚至桌面遊戲的形式，父母可以更積極、更有效地與子女互動，以利於數學學習。
（編輯：何瑩瑩）
本文來源：新東方
▼多益聽力猛進三絕招
也許"15天英文走死走命(〒︿〒)"要是童年的日子能重新回來，那我一定不再浪費光陰，我要把每分每秒都用來讀書！XDXD
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